number:
3290
English
College:
department:
Degree:
Imprint:
Medicine-Anaotomy
Supervisor:
Dr. Haider A. Jaafar
Dr. May F. Alhabib
year:
2014
>Abstract:
The uterine tubes are the female reproductive structures that serve for the transport of gametes and embryos between ovary and uterus. It, also, provides the necessary environment for gamete transport, fertilization, and early embryonic development. This study aimed for demonstrating the effects of combined Estradiol and Progesterone on rat uterine tube ampulla histologically and immunohistochemically (concerning markers expression of Estrogen receptor-α, Progesterone receptors, Vimentin and Desmin), beside the application of new software programs for assessment of morphometric analysis (using Image J. software) and staining immunoreactivity (using Aperio Image Scope software). Sample of 30 rats having an estrous cycle of 4 days period was used. The animals were divided into 2 main groups; a control group (6 rats) and treated group which further divided into 3 subgroups; T I, T II and T (8 rats for each) according to the dose of Estradiol which was given in three different dosages (1, 4 and10 μg/day) for a period of two successive estrous cycles (i.e. 8 days). While the Progesterone hormone was given in a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight, for all the 3 subgroups, on the third and fourth days of each of the two successive estrous cycles. Vaginal smear cytology was done for the control group to determine the phases of the estrous cycle. For the treated groups; the vaginal smear cytology was done before and after treatment. The results showed statistical significant increase in the mean percentages of superficial cells count in T II (p. =0.000) and T III (p. =0.000) groups after treatment indicating the effect of therapeutic level of estradiol on vaginal cell maturation as compared to the same group before treatment. The morphometric analysis (using image J software) of the mucosal folds, in the treated groups, exhibited statistically non-significant increase in their height as compared to the control (p.= 0.692). The increase in the mucosal fold height, number and ramification may help in preventing the tubal ectopic pregnancy. Combined estrogen and progesterone therapy had displayed a statistical significant increase in muscle thickness (p. =0.045) which may lead to decrease in ampulla lumen diameter. Sections of the treated groups, especially T III, stained with PAS stain showed more intense pink color reaction at the lumenal border of the mucosal epithelium, the basement membrane and even in the secretory cells cytoplasm as compared to control group. Immunohistochemical reactivity for Estrogen Receptor-α was decreased, especially in T III, which may be due to down-regulation of Estrogen Receptor-α throughout the uterine tube wall as a result of increased level of estrogen therapy. The immunoreactivity for Progesterone Receptors was decreased, especially in T III. This may be due to the binding of progesterone hormone to its nuclear receptor sites and may possibly results in reconfiguration of Progesterone Receptors and therefore change their immunogenicity and immunohistochemical staining reactivity. The immunoreactivity for both Desmin and Vimentin revealed profound reduction in the staining reactivity of the treated groups, especially T I. These intermediate filaments, Desmin and Vimentin, are essential for cell integrity and could be applied as an indicator for metaplastic activity of cells. The Transmission Electron Microscope study, of T III and T II groups, revealed that some of the ciliated cells displayed vacuole like structures (probably lipid droplets) within their cytoplasm, while in the secretory cells these cytoplasmic vacuoles were larger in size and appeared to be coalesced with each other, especially in TIII group. The administration of progesterone which was preceded by estradiol was capable of producing complete differentiation and secretory function in the uterine tube epithelium, and this may be due to the up-regulation of Progesterone Receptors by estradiol
The uterine tubes are the female reproductive structures that serve for the transport of gametes and embryos between ovary and uterus. It, also, provides the necessary environment for gamete transport, fertilization, and early embryonic development. This study aimed for demonstrating the effects of combined Estradiol and Progesterone on rat uterine tube ampulla histologically and immunohistochemically (concerning markers expression of Estrogen receptor-α, Progesterone receptors, Vimentin and Desmin), beside the application of new software programs for assessment of morphometric analysis (using Image J. software) and staining immunoreactivity (using Aperio Image Scope software). Sample of 30 rats having an estrous cycle of 4 days period was used. The animals were divided into 2 main groups; a control group (6 rats) and treated group which further divided into 3 subgroups; T I, T II and T (8 rats for each) according to the dose of Estradiol which was given in three different dosages (1, 4 and10 μg/day) for a period of two successive estrous cycles (i.e. 8 days). While the Progesterone hormone was given in a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight, for all the 3 subgroups, on the third and fourth days of each of the two successive estrous cycles. Vaginal smear cytology was done for the control group to determine the phases of the estrous cycle. For the treated groups; the vaginal smear cytology was done before and after treatment. The results showed statistical significant increase in the mean percentages of superficial cells count in T II (p. =0.000) and T III (p. =0.000) groups after treatment indicating the effect of therapeutic level of estradiol on vaginal cell maturation as compared to the same group before treatment. The morphometric analysis (using image J software) of the mucosal folds, in the treated groups, exhibited statistically non-significant increase in their height as compared to the control (p.= 0.692). The increase in the mucosal fold height, number and ramification may help in preventing the tubal ectopic pregnancy. Combined estrogen and progesterone therapy had displayed a statistical significant increase in muscle thickness (p. =0.045) which may lead to decrease in ampulla lumen diameter. Sections of the treated groups, especially T III, stained with PAS stain showed more intense pink color reaction at the lumenal border of the mucosal epithelium, the basement membrane and even in the secretory cells cytoplasm as compared to control group. Immunohistochemical reactivity for Estrogen Receptor-α was decreased, especially in T III, which may be due to down-regulation of Estrogen Receptor-α throughout the uterine tube wall as a result of increased level of estrogen therapy. The immunoreactivity for Progesterone Receptors was decreased, especially in T III. This may be due to the binding of progesterone hormone to its nuclear receptor sites and may possibly results in reconfiguration of Progesterone Receptors and therefore change their immunogenicity and immunohistochemical staining reactivity. The immunoreactivity for both Desmin and Vimentin revealed profound reduction in the staining reactivity of the treated groups, especially T I. These intermediate filaments, Desmin and Vimentin, are essential for cell integrity and could be applied as an indicator for metaplastic activity of cells. The Transmission Electron Microscope study, of T III and T II groups, revealed that some of the ciliated cells displayed vacuole like structures (probably lipid droplets) within their cytoplasm, while in the secretory cells these cytoplasmic vacuoles were larger in size and appeared to be coalesced with each other, especially in TIII group. The administration of progesterone which was preceded by estradiol was capable of producing complete differentiation and secretory function in the uterine tube epithelium, and this may be due to the up-regulation of Progesterone Receptors by estradiol